Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in Digital Age At Rhode Island College, a freshman copied and pasted from a Web site’s frequently asked questions page about homelessness―and did not think he needed to credit a source in his assignment because the page did not include author information. At DePaul University, the tip-off (爆料) to one student’s copying was the purple shade of several paragraphs he had lifted from the Web; when confronted by a writing tutor his professor had sent him to, he was not defensive―he just wanted to know how to change purple text to black. And at the University of Maryland, a student critisized for copying from Wikipedia in a paper on the Great Depression said he thought its entries―unsigned and collectively written―did not need to be credited since they counted, essentially, as common knowledge. Professors used to deal with plagiarism(抄袭) by warning students to give credit to others to follow the style guide for citations, and pretty much left it at that. But these cases―typical ones, according to writing tutors and officials responsible for discipline at the three schools who described the plagiarism―suggest that many students simply do not grasp that using words they did not write is a serious misdeed. It is a disconnect that is growing in the Internet age as concepts of intellectual property, copyright and originality are under attack in the ungoverned exchange of online information, say educators who study plagiarism Digital technology makes copying and pasting easy, of course. But that is the least of it. The Internet may also be redefining how students―who came of age with music file-sharing, Wikipedia and Web-linking― understand the concept of authorship and the singularity of any text or image. "Now we have a whole generation of students who’ve grown up with information that just seems to be hanging out there in cyberspace and doesn’t seem to have an author," said Teresa Fishman, director of the Center for Academic Integrity at Clemson University. "It’s possible to believe this information is just out there for anyone to take. " Professors who have studied plagiarism do not try to excuse it―many are champions of academic honesty on their campuses―but rather try to understand why it is so widespread. In surveys from 2006 to 2010 by Donald L. McCabe, a co-founder of the Center for Academic Integrity and a business professor at Rutgers University, about 40 percent of 14,000 undergraduates admitted to copying a few sentences in written assignments. Perhaps more significant, the number who believed that copying from the Web constitutes "serious cheating" is declining―to 29 percent on average in recent surveys from 34 percent earlier in the decade. Sarah Brookover, a senior at the Rutgers campus in Camden. N.J., said many of her classmates blithely (无忧无虑地) cut and paste without attribution. "This generation has always existed in a world where media and intellectual property don’t have the same gravity," said Ms. Brookover, who at 31 is older than most undergraduates. "When you’re sitting at your computer, it’s the same machine you’ve downloaded music with, possibly illegally, the same machine you streamed videos for free that showed on HBO last night. " Ms. Brookover, who works at the campus library, has pondered the differences between researching in the stacks and online. "Because you’re not walking into a library, you’re not physically holding the article, which takes you closer to ’this doesn’t belong to me,’" she said. Online, "everything can belong to you really easily. " A University of Notre Dame anthropologist, Susan D. Blum, disturbed by the high rates of reported plagiarism, set out to understand how students view authorship and the written word. or "texts" in Ms. Blum’s academic language. She conducted her ethnographic research among 234 Notre Dame undergraduates. "Today’s students have a new concept of conceiving texts and the people who create them and who quote them," she wrote last year in the book "My Word!: Plagiarism and College Culture," published by Cornell University Press. Ms. Blum argued that student writing exhibits some of the same qualities of pastiche(混成品) that drive other creative endeavors today―TV shows that constantly reference other shows or rap music that samples from earlier songs. In an interview, she said the idea of an author whose singular effort creates an original work is rooted in Enlightenment ideas of the individual. It is based on the Western concept of intellectual property rights as secured by copyright law. But both traditions arc being challenged. "Our notion of authorship and originality was born, it flourished, and it may be waning," Ms. Blum said. She contends that undergraduates are less interested in cultivating a unique and authentic identity―as their 1960s counterparts were―than in trying on many different personas(角色), which the Web enables with social networking. "If you are not so worried about presenting yourself as absolutely unique, then it’s O.K. if you say other people’s words, it’s O. K. if you say things you don’t believe, it’s O. K. if you write papers you couldn’t care less about because they accomplish the task, which is turning something in and getting a grade," Ms. Blum said, voicing student attitudes. "And it’s O. K. if you put words out there without getting any credit." The notion that there might be a new model young person, who freely borrows from the vortex of information to mash up a new creative work, fueled a brief disturbance earlier this year with Helene Hegemann, a German teenager whose best-selling novel about Berlin club life turned out to include passages lifted from others. Instead of offering a poor apology, Ms. Hegemann insisted, "There’s no such thing as originality anyway, just authenticity." A few critics rose to her defense, and the book remained a finalist for a fiction prize (but did not win). That theory does not wash with Sarah Wilensky, a senior at Indiana University, who said that relaxing plagiarism standards "does not foster creativity, it fosters laziness." "You’re not coming up with new ideas if you’re grabbing and mixing and matching," said Ms. Wilensky, who took aim at Ms. Hegemann in a column in her student newspaper headlined "Generation Plagiarism." "It may be increasingly accepted, but there are still plenty of creative people―authors and artists and scholars―who are doing original work," Ms. Wilensky said in an interview. "It’s kind of an insult that that ideal is gone, and now we’re left only to make paste-ups of the work of previous generations." In the view of Ms. Wilensky, whose writing skills earned her the role of informal editor of other students’ papers in her freshman dorm, plagiarism has nothing to do with trendy academic theories. The main reason it occurs, she said, is because students leave high school unprepared for the intellectual rigors of college writing. "If you’re taught how to closely read sources and synthesize them into your own original argument in middle and high school, you’re not going to be tempted to plagiarize in college, and you certainly won’t do so unknowingly," she said.Compared with their 1960s counterparts, the undergraduates in Ms. Blum’s research prefer to ______. A．challenge the notion of authorship and originalityB．establish a unique and authentic identityC．have a try on many different personasD．do more social work by Web-linking

阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)ACool Inventions That Will Take You to the FutureScientists never stop amazing us with fascinating inventions. Here are some cool ones that are already in stores or will be there soon.Portable ToasterThere is actually an idea of a knife that could not only cut the bread into small pieces, but be healed enough to toast a slice of bread. You could take this time-saving and easy-to-clean tool anywhere. It would be really cool, for it looked like a light saber (剑).Hand-Held Copy & Paste ToolCopy & Paste allows you to scan and print images anywhere and on anything. Simply push she button and scan the object, and then the image can be printed on any surface using ink. For the moment, this is only an idea, but when this device is on sale, there will be a long line waiting to buy it.Electronic Sensor PenWith Phree Pen, you can write anything anywhere. When it went into market, it became really popular. All the symbols can be written on any surface, read by a computer and sent to a smart phone or a computer. You can write things down without paper at hand.Scanner Determining Food Composition (成分)TellSpec was made for those who want to quickly know the composition of a dish. It scans the products and then sends a list of information about the nutritional value to a special phone app. Now you don’t need to worry about the safety of the products you eat.41. With the help of the Copy & Paste tool, you can ________.A. cut the bread into small pieces B. send information to a smart phoneC. print images on any surface D. scan the food to check its safety42. If you want to find out the composition of a dish, you can use ________.A. TellSpec B. Copy & Paste C. Phree Pen D. Portable Toaster43. According to the passage, how many inventions are only ideas now?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.BGrandpa and MeAs my summer vacation drew nearer and nearer, I made a long list of things I wished to do and could hardly wait to begin a brand-new journey. However, when my mom told me that I had to live with my grandfather for six weeks, I complained. A voice inside me said that it would be miserable to live with my grandpa, which meant no afternoon baseball games with my neighborhood friends.The first week with Grandpa was fine. We went out for dinner and watched TV together. One day, Grandpa was sitting at the table reading the newspaper. I sat on the couch and flipped (快速翻动) through my baseball card collection. “Wish I had a Hank Aaron card,” I said to myself.When Grandpa heard me, he said in surprise, “I didn’t know you liked baseball, Susan.” I explained that it was my favorite sport and I usually played it all summer with my friends. Grandpa stood up shakily and walked to the door. “Let’s go,” he said, with excitement. “I want to show you something.”We drove for quite a while, and when Grandpa finally stopped the car, we were in front of some old houses. A sign on each house said “Land Will Be Sold. Call For Details.” I noticed that Grandpa had a faraway look in his eyes. “I haven’t been here for decades,” he whispered. “Probably twenty or thirty years.” We walked there and he pointed down the street and said, “That’s the field where I used to play baseball every summer.” Then I realized where we were: This was the house where Grandpa grew up! We looked inside a window and saw a big mess. No one had lived here for a long time.On the ride home, Grandpa was very quiet. I thought about how he must miss his old home and the friends he grew up with. If he could just go back in time for a few minutes, he would feel very happy and less lonely. Then I realized that six weeks away from home was not too bad, especially with Grandpa around.44. The writer complained about her coming vacation because ________.A. she could not play baseball games with friendsB. she could not enjoy her baseball card collectionC. she would go out for dinner with her grandfatherD. she would leave her home and live in an old house45. When Grandpa heard Susan liked baseball, he was ________.A. hopeful and thankful B. confused and upsetC. worried and unhappy D. surprised and excited46. What might Susan most probably do after visiting the old house?A. Cleaning the old house with her neighborhood friends.B. Complaining about her boring vacation to her mom.C. Sharing her baseball cards with her schoolmates.D. Listening to Grandpa’s life story in the past.CSelf-control is a skill that children need to succeed in school, socially and emotionally. The development of self-control begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. As babies, we have little or no control over our behaviors and emotions, but as we get older, with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain (制止) from hitting another child. These abilities continue to develop in our childhood and then youthbood. Also, it is clear that being impulsive (易冲动的) can have bad effects on children, causing interpersonal problems, poor physical health, and psychiatric disorders.Therefore, by learning self-control, children can make right decisions and respond to situations in positive ways. One of the effective strategies, when helping children develop self-control abilities, is to select developmentally proper tasks. Try setting up simple goals first, where success is expected, before moving onto the next goal. For preschoolers, goals might include not interrupting or not fighting on the playground. For early elementary school students, right goals might be following bedtime rules.However, it’s not enough to set up simple goals, because for children of the same age, there are still some differences in the development of self-control abilities. Some general strategies often help them learn right self-control behaviors.● Take a breakEncourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry. Stepping away from an upsetting situation can help a child calm down.● Teach and provide attentionPaying attention is a skill that can be taught. Encourage children to resist interrupting by learning to observe others without talking, so they can join in easily. Make sure to provide children with attention at times so they don’t feel ignored and therefore are unlikely to interrupt.● Use proper rewards (奖励)In order to develop positive behaviors, children need frequently positive feedback. Praise and consistent feedback can be highly rewarding for young children. It is important to let a child know what a desired behavior is.● Use activities designed to teach self-regulation (自我管理)Using specific activities can help teach young children skills that improve self-control. Some of these skills include dealing with “wanting something I can’t have”, understanding feelings, and controlling anger.47. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. As people get older, their attention will improve naturally.B. Being impulsive can often cause bad results in children’s grades.C. Children can learn how to control themselves with the help of parents.D. Self-control development begins at birth and keeps growing till youthbood.48. What can teachers do when students feel very disappointed?A. Teach and provide attention. B. Give rewards and suggestions.C. Teach skills to regulate themselves. D. Encourage them to take a break.49. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Time Waits for No Man—The Development of Self-ControlB. Have Power over Your Mind—Tips on Developing Self-ControlC. Prevention Is Better than Cure—Rules of Self-Control BehaviorsD. Think Twice Before You Act—The Importance of Self-Control SkillsDTechnology ProgressOn June 22, 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew into Dayton, Ohio, for dinner at Orville Wright’s house. It had been just a month since the young pilot’s first ever individual nonstop crossing of the Atlantic, and he felt he ought to pay respects to the pioneer of flight.Forty-two years later, on July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong was allowed to bring a personal guest to the Kennedy Space Center to view the launch of NASA’s towering Saturn V rocket. Armstrong invited his hero, Charles Lindbergh. That’s how fast technology advanced in the 20th century.However, progress isn’t what it used to be now. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, highways, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation (创新) and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going fast as the last 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century”. Gordon argues the lives of people in developed nations look and feel the same in 2020 as they did in 1979 or 1989.Sloping down is good in one small way, though bad in most of the ways that count. Rapid changes can sometimes be disorienting (令人迷惑的). And when things develop at a lower speed, people and institutions do have more time to breathe and fit in. But slowing down isn’t what it should be. In many areas of technology, the forward movement today feels tragically slow, even nonexistent.Consider consumer robotics. There’s huge potential for robots to help us. But home robotics companies seem to keep folding. For example, social robot maker Jibo closed in Mareh after raising almost 73 million.Our century’s one signature technology achievement is smartphones. At this point, we’ve had them in our pockets long enough to begin to appreciate their dangers. Meanwhile the list of possibly world-changing technologies that get people’s attention but still remain in the original stage is very long. Self-driving cars, AR glasses. Need I continue?Indeed, these are all hard problems. But historically, solving the big problems has required continuous, large-scale investment (投资), often with private markets and taxpayers sharing the cost. In this century, we need to undo some bad results of the last great boom (繁荣) by developing affordable zero—and negative—emissions technologies right now. That’s another hard problem—and to solve it, we’ll need to rethink what made the “special century” so special.50. The writer mentions Charles Lindbergh in Paragraphs 1 and 2 to show that ________.A. Charles had contributed greatly to technologyB. Charles paid respects to the pioneer of flightC. technology developed rapidly in the 20th centuryD. technology has advanced to a higher new level51. The underlined word “folding” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.A. shutting B. separating C. growing D. operating52. What can we learn from the passage?A. Some world-changing technologies are not making progress.B. Home robotics companies failed because of little investment.C. It’s time to realize the disadvantages of fast development now.D. It doesn’t take us long before we realize the dangers of smartphones.53. The writer probably agrees ________.A. markets and taxpayers have a duty to develop technologiesB. innovation and investment are needed for technology advanceC. what made the last century special will happen in the new centuryD. rapid changes in technology are bad in most of the ways that count

The mysterious condition, called transverse myelitis, left John unable to walk for months.A. marrowB. bloodC. muscleD. urine

The Web Way to Learn a Language The young woman seated next to us at a bar revealed a vaguely (异国的) air; her looks and style, we thought, made it likely that she was not American born. But then she spoke in perfect American English, even ending her declarative sentences in that rising questioning tone of many young Californians. As it turns out, however, she wasn’t from these parts after all; she was born in Iran and spoke only (波斯语) until her arrival here two years ago. What classes, we wondered, had she attended to learn the language so well "I didn’t," she said. "I used RosettaStone." Those yellow boxes sold at shopping-mall may be the most recognizable example of PC-based language learning, but it certainly isn’t the only one. With the growth of Internet connectivity and social networks, companies have introduced a wide range of Internet-based language learning products, both free and fee-based, that allow students to interact in real time with instructors in other countries, gain access to their lesson plans wherever they are in the world, and communicate with like-minded virtual pen pals who are also trying to remember if bambino means baby. Learning a language sometimes seems as difficult as dieting. The solution is to figure out how to stay interested after the novelty wears off. To counter boredom, online language programs have introduced crossword puzzles, interactive videos and other games to reward users for making progress. Online courses are either fee-based, free or a combination. Starter packages of fee-based programs may cost just a few hundred dollars, but the cost to reach higher levels of comprehension and speaking can easily be 1,000. While that may sound expensive, language company executives say it isn’t; college courses often cost many thousands of dollars to reach the same level. So, cost aside, how do you choose which program to use The answer is that one size doesn’t fit all. "The quality of feedback is important," according to Mike Levy, head of the school of languages and linguistics at Griffith University. "Sites with human contact work best," he said. "This shows the advantage of humans compared to computers. A computer is never as subtle or intelligent." Pay and learn RosettaStone, the best-known language program, now offers a 1,000 product that includes RosettaCourse, a traditional lesson-based module; RosettaStudio, a place where a user can talk to a native speaker via video chat; and RosettaWorld, an online community where you can play language-related games. "We offer modern-day pen pals facilitated with voice," said Tom Adams, the company’s chief executive. RosettaStone uses things like colorful flash cards to help students first learn basic words, and then connect those words to concepts and sentences. The idea, according to Mr. Adams, is for the user to let go of the adult "technical questions and just get into a comfort zone, learning new sounds and trying to make sense of them." One of RosettaStone’s main competitors, TellMeMore, believes it has an advantage because its software not only teaches words and phrases, but includes a speech recognition component that analyzes pronunciation, presents a graph of speech, and suggests how to perfect it. Other videos show students how to shape their mouths to create sounds difficult for native English speakers, like the rolling R in Spanish. With 10 levels of content, a 10,000-word vocabulary, videos of native speakers and more than 40 practice activities, TellMeMore believes it has enough material to keep a user motivated. TellMeMore charges 390 for a year’s access to its resources for six languages; those looking for a quick refresher can buy a 10 daily pass. Weekly, monthly and half-year passes are also available. The company’s product is currently available only on CD-ROM, but online versions for both Mac and Windows that will include real-time coaching are coming later this year. Free now, pay later Livemocha, a two-year-old Web start-up, offers free basic lessons in 30 languages. Users can apply for advanced courses with additional features on a monthly or six-month basis. For 20 a month, students can submit up to eight voice recordings to a native-speaking tutor, who will then review and make recommendations for improvement within 24 hours. For 70 every six months, students can submit up to two examples a lesson. All students, whether using the pay or free model, can join social networking groups and speak live to people around the world who are native speakers interested in learning English. As with all social networking sites, this feature is open to misuse. Within hours of signing up for Livemocha, I received a note from a young woman, (假装的) from Poland, "wanting to meet me." The company says it has "the world’s largest community of people learning languages," with five million registered users in 200 countries. Financed in part by the European Union, Babbel offers paid instruction (and a free trial lesson) in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish for 12 a month, or 6.62 a month for a six-month commitment. In addition to extended grammar and vocabulary, users can communicate with others in their desired language via private or public chats, or arrange to get in touch via voice. Free language learning If money is truly an object, a variety of free language learning is available from a number of sites. The British Broadcasting Corporation offers varying levels of instruction for 36 languages, with features including audio and video playback and translation. Looking to visit Deutschland The German television network, Deutsche Welle, can help you make yourself understood. And for those who not only want to learn another language but another alphabet as well, try japanese-online.corn, or Applications for a smartphone No program would be complete without an accompanying smartphone application, and many exist for the iPhone and other devices. Several are simple providers of useful phrases, including the Lonely Planet Phrasebooks, the Oxford Translator Travel Pro, and World Nomads. The Ultralingua Translation Dictionary offers simultaneous translation of English and six languages. Both RosettaStone and TellMeMore say that they are developing smartphone applications as supplements to their online programs, but neither has announced a release date. Livemocha expects to have an application later this year for both the Android and iPhone operating systems. The company plans on integrating text with a native speaker pronouncing the language, and providing the option for voice recording and live video feeds.Online language programs keep students interested by ______. A．supplying them with healthy dietB．rewarding them With lower tuitionC．shortening the learning periodD．offering funny games as rewards

6. Computer technology will ________ a revolution in business administration.A. bring aroundB. bring aboutC. bring outD. bring up

What color did Marilyn Monroe dye her hair at 16?A. BrownB. BlackC. Blonde

Online Degrees Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are jumping on the distance learning bandwagon and offering on- line courses and degree programs. In this article we’ll look at how online degrees work, what you should look for if you are pursuing a degree via the online option, and what employers think of online degrees.Online Learning Programs With a computer, an Internet connection and a little self-discipline, you can earn a degree. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won’t be in person. There are assignments, but you won’t hand them to your instructor. There are exams, but you won’t be able to look at your neighbor’s paper. There may be a set time that "class" begins, but you don’t have to be there then. In most situations, you are free to "go to class" when it fits your schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don’t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don’t have to ask for someone’s notes, and you just visit the lecture later. You’ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat rooms, bulletin boards, and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program that uses text chat and bulletin boards, as well as streaming audio or recorded lectures. You may be put into a virtual workgroup with other students and be required to solve a problem. You may have to work through interactive puzzles and quizzes. Contrary to popular belief, you will have contact with other students and the instructor. Depending on the program and institution, distance learning may consist of synchronous (live) sessions or asynchronous (non-live) sessions. Transcripts and notes from lectures are archived, so you can always go back if you missed something. If there are live sessions with discussions among students, you can go back to those as well. Assignments may even be returned with audio clips so your instructors can convey their tone of voice along with their comments. Printed documents may be sent to you through the mail, or you may have the options of printing them yourself or reading them online. Some schools require an initial "boot camp" held at the campus, where you will meet the other students, instructors and support personnel. You’ll learn how to use the technology, learn about the library and reference systems, and begin your coursework.Evaluating the Program So once you know the school is accredited, is the decision easy Not necessarily. There are still a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as: ・How is the course presented Investigate the method by which the instructor gives lectures. Does the instructor simply put the lecture online as text Are there accompanying slides Is there any interaction Is there video or audio Are exams given How are assignments turned in The format of the course is sometimes as important as the content. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a dynamic and innovative manner that involves interaction between the student and instructor as well as interaction with the content itself. Online learning technology provides many opportunities for innovation. Find a school that takes advantage of it. ・How do students interact with each other Is there an established method for interaction and congregating Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. How the online community functions should be very important to both the instructor and the educational institution. ・Are the instructors qualified Check out the credentials and degrees the instructors hold, as well as their knowledge of online learning and its differences from classroom learning. What kind of support do the instructors get for their online courses If technical problems arise, is there someone to turn to A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful. Instructors (and students) have to be able to adapt to changing technology. ・What kind of reputation does the school have It may seem simple―a good school will have a good online program. That may be true, but it is also probable that its online program is still too new to judge, so you’re left with nothing but the reputation of the school’s traditional programs. This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think. You can look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment, but there may be weaknesses in the program in which you are interested. It’s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. ・How are students evaluated Earning a degree should not mean just that―earning it. If students aren’t assessed properly and degrees are handed out with little or no verification that any knowledge has been transferred from the instructor to the student, then how can the program be rated Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening. For this reason, it is important to ensure that part of the program involves applying what has been learned.The Employer’s View The big question in everyone’s mind is, "Is an online degree from an accredited college or university seen by potential employers as a lesser degree " Vault. com, a career network Website, did a survey of 239 professionals. According to the results, 77 percent of respondents believe that an online degree earned at an accredited institution is more credible. Other sources did studies that revealed that there is little if any difference in the quality of education received through online distance learning versus traditional classrooms. John Losak found similar results in his own study. He analyzed graduation rates, time to graduation, and knowledge, as well as other elements. He found the students performed as well or better in online courses. As more and more people get online degrees and use them in the workforce, managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. If John’s study holds up on a larger scale, then the future of getting jobs and advancements based on online degrees will be bright. Until then, choose schools carefully, and check for accreditation and strong programs. When you’ve completed the degree, go to job interviews armed with information to counter any questions about the quality or validity of your degree. Make sure the interviewer knows how you achieved the degree, how you worked it into a busy schedule, how you overcame any obstacles. It will show a self- motivation and discipline that may be just the qualities the company is looking for.Which of the following is the unique characteristic of online education that traditional education doesn’t have A．There are lectures, but they won’t be in person.B．There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor.C．If you get sick, you have to ask for someone’s notes.D．If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something.

As ______ volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019 （园艺博览会），Lu Ming understands _______idea of green life better than before．（ ）A. a；anB. a；theC. the；anD. the；the

It"s very ______ of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.A. concernedB. carefulC. considerableD. considerate

I believe that when an individual entrusts you with confidential (秘密) information, be it personal or not, one needs to keep that information to themselves and _______ from broadcasting it to other people.Failure to do so creates gossip, which can lead to the erosion (削弱) of relationships. Some people come to confide in (吐露个人隐私) you because they need to release their _______ to a friend, hoping that you are someone they can trust and rely on. When you _______ break their trust and tell everyone about their personal life or information, it leads them to think that you think little of their confidence in you. In so doing, you not only destroy the relationship, but also _______ yourself in the process. Thereafter, you may expect people to still confide in you, or regard you as a trustworthy person, but the truth is that your _______ will no longer be good.Gossip is not good, it is not healthy and it definitely does not make a situation better. Gossip only brings _______ among friends, colleagues and family. Gossip destroys trust, undermines credibility, and is one of the greatest enemies of a healthy _______ culture. It is a(n) _______ disease with great power to harm. You see people gossiping, and then you gossip about their gossip. How dare they speak so lowly of others? You believe, perhaps, that you are on higher ground, but, quite accidentally, you find yourself doing the very thing you _______.Undoubtedly, while engaging in gossip may seem harmless or even a fun way to connect and _______ with other people, the damage can go beyond what is seen. So, always try to be on your guard against the temptations of gossip!