【题文】 For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So what’s the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ''face'' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a ''consistently positive attitude'' about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ''Robear'', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms. On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said they didn't like having it around.”It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement. 【小题1】What does the author say about Japan?A．It delivers the best medication for the elderly.B．It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C．It provides retraining for registered nurses.D．It sets the trend in future robotics technology.【小题2】What are telepresence robots designed to do?A．Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B．Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C．Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.D．Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.【小题3】What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?A．It interacts with patients just like a human companion.B．It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.C．It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.D．It uses body language even more effectively than words.【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B．The robotics industry will soon take off.C．Robots will not make nurses unnecessary.D．Cooperation will not replace completion.

I could see my dog _ at the leash as he tried to chase a bird.A. stretchB. struggleC. strainD. straighten

Albert Einstein is said to have been asked by a student，"what finding helped you most when you were（41） ____ the theory of relativity？"Einstein replied without （42） ____ moment's hesitation．"Finding how to （43） ____ about the problem．"The same （44） ____ is told about Sir Isaac Newton and （45） ____ other scientists．We have no proof （46） ____ any of these well-known conversations （47） ____ took place，but we are prepared to （48） ____ that they did，and，if so，that the （49） ____ was the same one Einstein gave，（50） ____ this is the"way scientists work （51） ____ science progresses．"Scientists usually work toward models of the process of structure they are studying．（52） ____ we have models of the structure（53） ____ the universe and of the atom，models of the process（54） ____ which the genetic （遗传的） pattern is passed from one building block of life to （55） ____ model of the economic system and （56） ____ on．Some models are mathematical，but a （57） ____ does not have to have equations （方程） or even diagrams； the （58） ____ requirement is no doubt that it （59） ____ an insight （洞察） into the relationships that determine （60） ____ something works as it does or how it is put together． 41．A．designing B．inventing C．developing D．revealing 42．A．the B．a C．an D．some 43．A．know B．learn C．argue D．think 44．A．story B．news C．event D．information 45．A．any B．more C．few D．several 46．A．since B．that C．which D．as 47．A．actually B．naturally C．eventually D．regularly 48．A．forget B．consider C．realize D．believe 49．A．question B．answer C．conversation D．topic 50．A．although B．unless C．because D．once 51．A．while B．or C．and D．but 52．A．Otherwise B．Thus C．Still D．Nevertheless 53．A．of B．in C．with D．over 54．A．for B．by C．on D．to 55．A．either B．other C．another D．both 56．A．so B．later C．further D．straight 57．A．structure B．pattern C．process D．model 58．A．urgent B．important C．original D．unnecessary 59．A．provide B．will provide C．provided D．is provided 60．A．when B．what C．whether D．why

A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments and gray steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some wearing hoods and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice, the door of which was heavily timbered with oak and studded with iron spikes. The founders of a new colony, whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project, have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery, and another portion as the site of a prison. In accordance with this rule, it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the fast prison-house somewhere in the vicinity of Cornhill, almost as seasonably as they marked out the first burial-ground, on Isaac Johnson’s lot, and round about his grave, which subsequently became the nucleus of all the congregated sepulchres in the old churchyard of King’s Chapel. Certain it is that, some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the town, the wooden jail was already marked with weatherstains and other indications of age, which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front. The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antique than anything else in the New World. Like all that pertains to crime, it seemed, never to have known a youthful era. Before this ugly edifice, and between it and the wheel-track of the street, was a grassplot, much overgrown with burdock, pigweed, apple-peru, and such unsightly vegetation, winch evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society a prison. But on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him. This ruse-bush, by a strange chance, has been kept alive in history; but whether it had merely survived out of the stem old wilderness, so long after the fall of the gigantic pines and oaks that originally overshadowed it, or whether, as there is fair authority for believing, it had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson as she entered the prison-door, we shall not take upon us to determine. Finding it so directly on the threshold of our narrative, which is now about to issue from that inauspicious portal, we could hardly do otherwise than pluck one of its flowers and present it to the reader. It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow.The atmosphere of the story in the very beginning is ______. A. joyousB. gloomyC. lightD. auspicious

Organic food has more of the antioxidant (抗氧化剂) compounds linked to better health than regular food, according to the most comprehensive scientific analysis to date. The international team behind the work, led by Prof. Carlo Leifert at Newcastle University, concludes that there are “statistically significant, meaningful” differences, with a range of antioxidants being “substantially higher” in organic food. The increased levels of antioxidants are equivalent to “one to two of the five portions of fruits and vegetables recommended to be consumed daily”.The findings will bring to the boil a long-simmering (炖) row over whether those differences mean organic food is better for people. Tom Sanders, a professor of nutrition at King’s College London, said, “The question is whether they are within natural variation, and whether they are nutritionally relevant.” According to Sanders, Leifert’s work had caused controversy in the past. He added that the research also showed organic cereals have less protein than conventional crops.Leifert’s research, released in the British Journal of Nutrition, are based on an analysis of 343 peer-reviewed studies from around the world – more than ever before – which examine differences between organic and conventional fruits, vegetables and cereals.Leifert and his colleagues conclude that many antioxidants have previously been linked to a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. But they also note that no long-term studies showing health benefits from a broad organic diet have yet been conducted.The research is certain to encounter criticism. The inclusion of so many studies in the analysis could mean poor quality work distorts the results, although the team claimed that excluding weaker work did not significantly change the outcome. The greatest criticism, however, will be over the suggestions of potential health benefits. An earlier analysis, which took in 223 studies in 2012, found little evidence that organic foods are significantly more nutritious than conventional foods.Sanders said he was not persuaded by the new work. “You are not going to be better nourished if you eat organic food,” he said. “What is most important is what you eat, not whether it’s organic or conventional. It’s whether you eat fruit and vegetables at all.”1. The findings of Leifert’s research indicate that _____________.A) organic food contains higher levels of antioxidants than regular food B) organic fruits have higher levels of antioxidants than organic vegetablesC) simmering makes organic food more nutritious than boilingD) organic food has higher nutritional values than conventional food2. The word “they” in Sanders’ words (Lines 3-4, Para. 2) refers to _____________.A) differences between fruits and vegetablesB) differences between antioxidants and nutritionC) differences between organic food and conventional food D) differences between organic cereals and conventional crops3. According to passage, what will happen as a result of the release of Leifert’s findings?A) More studies will be conducted on the variation of organic food.B) More studies will be conducted on the nutrition of traditional food.C) The dispute over organic food will finally come to an end.D) The dispute over organic food will become more intense. 4. According to Leifert’s research, a diet containing a variety of organic food _____________.A) has not been shown to be clearly beneficial to human health B) has been proved to be able to reduce the risk of chronic diseasesC) has been proved to contain less protein than a conventional dietD) has not been shown to contain more antioxidants than regular food5. It is suggested in the passage that you should _____________ if you want to get better nutrition.A) eat more organic food than conventional food in your mealsB) have a good amount of fruit and vegetables in your daily diet C) include more vegetables than fruits in your daily mealsD) choose fruits and vegetables that contain more antioxidants

[听力文本资源]People’s birth years can affect their risk of catching certain flu—probably because their first case of flu somehow sets their immune system, researchers reported. Their findings could be good news for what scientists predict about the risk of a killer flu, and they could also help researchers find better flu vaccines, the researchers said.The teams were looking at the puzzling characteristics of two kinds of bird flu that keep popping up in people: the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses. And, oddly, while H5N1 has hit young people and children especially hard, H7N9 seems to attack older people. H5N1 has infected 856 people since 2003 and killed 452 of them, WHO reports. H7N9 has infected 452 people and killed 124 of them, according to the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. The team at the University of Arizona and the University of California Los Angeles studied the numbers, examining the reports of each case, who was affected and how severely. They found an almost startling link with birth year. People born before 1968 are less likely to die or be made severely ill by H5N1.[听力文本资源]1. [听力文本资源] What may affect one’s risk of catching flu according to the news? [听力文本资源]A) Immunity.B) Characters.C) Lifestyles.D) Birth years. 2. [听力文本资源] What is the significance of the findings? [听力文本资源]A) They may tell scientists which flu would spread worldwide.B) They may tell people how to protect themselves from bird flu.C) They can help researchers find better flu vaccines. D) They can help people choose the right kind of vaccines.3. [听力文本资源] What are their findings mainly based on？ [听力文本资源]A) The characteristics of the people with flu.B) The reports of the cases of bird flu. C) The birth years of the people affected by flu.D) The numbers of the bird flu cases in 2003.

A busy brain can mean a hungry body．We often seek food after focused mental activity，like preparing for an exam．Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain，whose capacity to store fuel is very limited．So the brain，sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里） to keep going，apparentlystimulates bodily hunger，and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption，we eat．This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students．Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise tocountersuch immoderately post--study food consumption．Gary Hunter，an exercise physiologist at U．A．B．，oversaw the study，Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）-a byproduct of intense muscle contractions（收缩）-circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head．Because the brainuses sugar and lactate as fuel，researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat．Thirty--eight healthy college students were invited to U．A．B．'s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was．At a later date，the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate--school entrance exams．Next，half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes，before being given pizza．The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill：two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking，repeated five times．Hunter says，that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream．These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza，too．But by and large，they did not overeat．In fact，the the non-exercisers，however，consumed about 100 calories more．The study has limitations，of course．We only looked at lunch，Hunter says； the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner．They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running，although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat，it should also increase blood sugar and lactate，feeding the brain and weakening hunger's call．98．According to the passage， ____ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight．A．a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB．numerous physical movements or calorie burningC．failure to resist the temptation of delicious food．D．bodily hunger caused by physical growth99．The underlined word"counter"is closest in meaning to ____ ．A．stimulateB．maximizeC．balanceD．prevent100．What can be inferred from the passage？ ____ A．Running is more beneficial than walking．B．Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier．C．The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people's appetite．D．When the brain feels exhausted，people tend to do exercise for relaxation．101．Which of the following statements is FALSE？ ____ A．Mental activities can make people feel hungry．B．Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry．C．Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people's brain．D．It's uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain．

【题文】 Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness , but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities , there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(综合症) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.　【小题1】 According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________. A．shorten the duration of the illness B．the patient buy medicine over the counter C．the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs D．prevent people from catching colds and the flu 【小题2】 We learn from the passage that ___________. A．one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu B．aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu C．delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system D．over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu 【小题3】 According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ___________. A．one should identify the virus which causes it B．one should consult a doctor as soon as possible C．one should take medicine upon catching the disease D．one should remain alert when the disease is spreading 【小题4】Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold? A．A stuffy nose. 　　 B．A high temperature. C．A sore throat.　　 D．A dry cough. 【小题5】 If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents _______________. A．are advised not to give them aspirin B．should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome C．are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination D．should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever

Taxi Driver Wisdom is a book offering a glimpse into the world of the New York taxi drivers. Back in the 1990s, an American author had a brilliant idea for a book: collect life wisdom from New York City taxi drivers. After all, what better place to hear gems (精华) about life? As the author wrote in the book introduction, "... New York cab drivers are the world's most accessible source of truth and wisdom," and the fact that many of them were raised in other countries only enriches the perspectives gained during cab rides.One of my favorite quotations from the book comes from a taxi driver who shared this wonderful life insight: "I see more of what is going on around me because I am not concerned with finding a parking place." In other words, the taxi driver sees more by looking at less.Vision is often primary among our senses in obtaining information from our environments. It frequently overrides the other senses, a term known as "visual capture". The human brain is structured so that more space is dedicated to vision than other senses, and we are influenced more often and more powerfully by what we see than by what we hear, smell, taste, or touch.A ventriloquist (口技艺) act is a good example:36. Why did the author of the book Taxi Driver Wisdom decide to collect ideas from New York cab drivers?A. Because they don't care about finding parking places quickly.B. Because their passengers are from different countries.C. Because they may have different insights about life.

They were clumsy, _ lies, yet Simon had believed them: it did not occur to him that someone as stupid as Marie could ever successfully deceive him.A. hesitantB. determinedC. articulateD. hardy