Directions: In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you-|||-will hear three questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.-|||-After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked-|||-A),B),C)and D).-|||-Passage One-|||-Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.-|||-13.A)You are very impolite. B)It is acceptable.-|||-C)It is better than early arrival. D)People worry about you.-|||-14.A)It helps to understand cultural beliefs and values.-|||-B)It provides a source of scientific imagination.-|||-C)It makes people realize the preciousness of time.-|||-D)It reveals the human history of measuring time.-|||-15.A)Cultural differences in making use of time.-|||-B)A theoretical explanation of the origin of time.-|||-C)Different views of how time comes and goes.-|||-D)The changing understanding of time in history.

Teacher burnout（倦怠） and student stress may be linked，according to a University of British Columbia study．The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students""cortisol levels（可体松水平），which are a biological indicator of stress．Researchers collected saliva（唾液）samples from over 400elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels．They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout，or feelings of emotional exhaustion，students""cortisol levels were elevated．Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems．"This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers，"said Eva Oberle，the study""s lead author．Indeed，the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question．It is unknown what came first-elevated cortisol or teacher burnout．We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom．"Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers，which may impact teachers""ability to effectively manage their students．A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students""needs not being met and increasing stress．This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students．Alternatively，stress could originate from students，who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety，behavioural problems，or special needs．In this scenario，teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout．"Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut，"said Oberle．"It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions，and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and alleviate stress in the classroom，"said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl，the study""s co-author and director of HELP．"If we do not support teachers，we risk the collateral damage（附带损害） of students．63．Which is the best title of the passage？___A．How to Relieve Stress in the classB．A puzzling Question of Egg and ChickenC．The Most Stressful Profession in the worldD．The Link Between Students Stress and Teacher Burnout64．Paragraph 4and paragraph 5are intended to make it clear that___．A．teacher burnout may be cause of the elevated cortisol levels in studentsB．the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problemC．students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficultiesD．student""behavioural problems may result in teacher""s higher level of burnout65．According to the writer，many British teachers face the problem that___．A．teacher are not well trained to deal with students""problems．B．teachers""income increases but teaching resources are cutC．there""re more students in each class and less support for teachersD．there is a widening gap between students""need and teachers""ability66．Which of the following statements is FALSE？___A．The more burnout teachers experience，the higher cortisol levels in students．B．Adequate support may help teachers manage students more effectively．C．Students will benefit as a result of reduced teacher burnout．D．High cortisol level indicates high level of burnout．.

Rainforests Did you know there are two types of Rainforest―the temperate and the tropical Tropical rainforests are found close to the equator. Temperate rainforests are found along coasts in the temperate zone, such as the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Both are endangered!Rainforests Endangered! Today only about three percent of the original temperate rainforest in the U. S. A. remains, mostly inside Olympic National Park in Washington State. Prior to the arrival of homesteaders just over a century ago, the Olympic Peninsula contained more than a million acres of old-growth spruce and hemlock. Because of habitat destruction, many plants and animals have become "island dwellers" inside the park now. Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the world’’s tropical forests and only 20% of the world’’s total forests. They cover 6%―7% of the Earth’’s land surface. Half of the world’’s plant and animal species live in the tropical rainforests of the world. Thirty acres of trees are cut in the tropical rainforests every minute. As you read this, tropical rainforests are shrinking. Each second a portion of rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed or damaged. What Makes the Tropical Rainforest Special -The rainforests are home to half of the Earth’’s plant and animal species.-They are winter homes to many birds that breed in temperate latitudes.-Tropical rainforests are some of the most beautiful wildernesses on our planet.-They are home to tribal cultures that have survived successfully in the forests for many thousands of years.-The forests are a potential source of medicinal plants that may benefit everyone on Earth.-The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals. This is both the forest’’s strength and its weakness: highly specialized organisms are particularly vulnerable to disturbance, because they cannot adapt fast enough to survive the change.-Tropical rainforests help maintain global rain and weather patterns. Much of the water that evaporates from the trees returns in the form of rainfall. Removal of the forest can change the natural rainfall patterns.Tropical Rainforest Layers Tropical rainforests have four layers:Emergent Layer These giant trees thrust above the dense canopy layer(树冠层) and have huge mushroom-shaped crowns. These trees enjoy the greatest amount of sunlight but also must endure high temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds.Canopy Layer The broad, irregular crowns of these trees form a tight, continuous canopy 60 to 90 feet above the ground. The branches are often densely covered with other plants (epiphytes) and tied together with vines (lianas). The canopy is home to 90% of the organisms found in the rain forest; many seeking the brighter light in the treetops.Understory Receiving only 2%―15% of the sunlight that falls on the canopy, the understory is a dark place. It is relatively open and contains young trees and leafy herbaceous plants that tolerate low light. Many popular house plants come from this layer. Only along rivers and roadways and in treefall and cut areas is sunlight sufficient to allow growth to become thick and impenetrableForest Floor The forest floor receives less than 2% of the sunlight and consequently, little grows here except plants adapted to very low light. On the floor is a thin layer of fallen leaves, seeds, fruits, and branches that very quickly decomposes. Only a thin layer of decaying organic matter is found, unlike in temperate deciduous (落叶性的) forests.Soil and Nutrient Recycling Most tropical rainforest soils are relatively poor in nutrients. Millions of years of weathering and torrential rains have washed most of the nutrients out of the soil. More recent volcanic soils, however, can be very fertile. Tropical rain forest soils contain less organic matter than temperate forests and most of the available nutrients are found in the living plant and animal material. Nutrients in the soil are often in forms that are not accessible by plants. Constant warmth and moisture promote rapid decay of organic matter. When a tree dies in the rainforest, living organisms quickly absorb the nutrients before they have a chance to be washed away. When tropical forests are cut and burned, heavy rains can quickly wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more impoverished.Causes of Destruction Tropical rainforests are being cut at an alarming rate. Although estimates vary, some scientists believe that we are losing an area of rainforest the size of Pennsylvania each year. If deforestation continues at this rate we may lose rainforests altogether within the next one hundred years. Tropical deforestation occurs for a number of reasons. As human populations increase in tropical regions, people move away from the overcrowded cities into the forest areas where they practice small-scale farming. Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may cause more permanent damage. Logging of forests for firewood, charcoal, building materials, and other wood products is another cause of deforestation. The conversion of rainforest to pasture land for cattle ranching has led to the destruction of millions of acres of forest. Mining for gold, bauxite from which aluminum is made, and other minerals can lead to the drastic destruction of the land. Once the land is scarred by mining efforts it is left vulnerable to massive erosion. Other events and issues such as natural disasters, war, the construction of dams, and poverty in developing countries also contribute to the destruction of tropical rainforests.What Can You Do to Help Save the Tropical Rainforest Preserving tropical rainforests involves more than just deciding not to cut trees. Social, political and economic factors all need to be taken into consideration. The following are some suggestions about how you can contribute to the solution. -Learn more about tropical rainforests and the plants and animals, including people, which live there. Investigate the complex issues surrounding deforestation and possible solutions through further reading. -Write letters to your congressional representatives or your local paper to express concern about the destruction of the tropical rainforests. The more you know about the topic and issues, the more specific you can be in suggesting actions you would like your elected officials to take. -Visit tropical countries to see the rainforest. Gaining firsthand experience is one of the best ways to develop an understanding of and commitment to an issue. -Work to protect tropical rainforests and their indigenous peoples. -Think globally and act locally. Practices at home, like the ones listed below, can have an impact on the preservation of rainforests. -Recycling aluminum cans reduces the need for bauxite, which must be minedfrom the ground in tropical countries. Bauxite is the source of aluminum. -Buy only pets which were captive bred here in the United States. Those which were not bred here may have been taken from the wild and imported illegally from tropical countries. When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in a sustainable manner. In all things you do, practice the environmentally sound use and reuse of our resources. This will not only have a positive impact on the tropical rainforest but on all the ecosystems of the world.Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the world’’s tropical forests and only 20% of the world’’s total forests. A．YB．NC．NG

Translate the following paragrapn mto EngIisn.-|||-丽江古城坐落在玉龙雪山(Yulong Snow Mountain)脚下,是一座风景秀丽的历史文化名城,也是我-|||-国保存完好的少数民族古城之一。随着丽江旅游业的发展,到丽江古城观光游览的中外游客日益增多。-|||-1997年12月,丽江古城申报世界文化遗产(World Cultural Heritage Site )获得成功,成为中国第一-|||-批被列入世界文化遗产名录的历史文化名城。

Have you ever noticed the paper you use in your life？Do you know i？Paper，as one of the four great inventions of our country，can be seen everywhere in our life.Although it is very common now，it experienced a long time to be invented.So we should value it. The invention of paper ended the complex （复杂的） history of ancient writing and greatly promoted （促进） the spread and development of culture. Paper was an important invention in ancient China.Writing was developed gradually from ancient times，when people mainly depended on writing instruments for taking notes.At first，oracle bone （甲骨） was used as a kind of writing material.Bamboo，wood and silk were also discovered and used during the Spring and Autumn Period.But because silk was too expensive and the bamboo pieces were too heavy，paper was produced.Thanks to the invention and popularization of paper，people could no longer use stones，wood，metal and other materials to record writing or pictures，and a large amount of ancient information was spread and preserved （保存）. Paper is very helpful in our life.It is the carrier of writing and printing.Painters use it to paint the beauty of the world，writers use it to tell the warmth of the world，and educators use it to spread knowledge. It is also used for packaging.Harder cardboard is used to pack things，such as delivery boxes.Of course it can also be used for other purposes，such as printing paper and toilet paper. This is paper.I plays a very significant role in our life and is used for all kinds of purposes：to write，to paint…（1）Which of the following cannot be used as a kind of writing material according to the passage？ ____ A.Bamboo.B.Wood.C.Silk.D.Leaves.（2）What can we learn from the passage？ ____ A.People can pack things with hard paper.B.There are three types of paper we use today.C.Paper writing was discovered in the Spring and Autumn Period.D.People didn't use bamboo because it was too expensive.（3）What does the underlined word "significant" mean？ ____ A.Necessary.B.Important.C.Useful.D.Special.（4）Which of the flowing shows the structure （结构） of the passage？ ____ A. ①-|||-②③ ④ ⑤ ⑥B. ①-|||-②③ ④ ⑤ ⑥C. ①-|||-②③ ④ ⑤ ⑥D. ①-|||-②③ ④ ⑤ ⑥（5）What is the writer trying to do in this passage？ ____ B.To introduce the kinds of the paper.A.To tell the usage of the paper.C.To introduce the history of the paper.D.To show the importance of the paper.

Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Our society places a high value on physical beauty. Americans spend an average of over 722 each year on their appearance. One in ten Americans has tried to look like a star.There's nothing wrong with trying to look our best, but excessive focus on physical appearance misses the soulful aspects of what it means to be beautiful. Trying to look like the magazine pictures can take us on a long ride away from what beauty is really about.Many of us spend far too much time, energy, and money trying to polish an image of what we think will bring attention, love, and connection. In the process, we may fail to attend to ourselves in a way that would move us toward deeper intimacy, fulfillment, and meaning.It may sound trite (老生常谈的), but beauty is only skin deep; it's not what brings love toward us. Just read about the latest Hollywood starlets whose seeming love turns into resentment and bitter court battles.Outer beauty can be as much of a curse as a blessing. We may develop a habit of being so focused on maintaining a perfect appearance that we never cultivate the inner qualities necessary to sustain and deepen intimacy and connection. As I describe in my book, The Authentic Heart, it is the courage to be authentic that connects us in a deeper way.While our initial attraction may be based, in part, on physical chemistry, it is the meeting of our inner worlds that creates the lasting intimacy and spiritual connection for which we long. If we redirect our attention toward cultivating inner qualities, we might find a magnetic attraction that moves us from something superficial to something that connects us to our depths.The path toward cultivating inner beauty is really simple. But what is simple is not always easy. Not everyone will see us and appreciate us as we take the courageous risk to allow ourselves to be seen as we really are. But if they don't, it is their loss, not ours. Eventually we'll find those compatible souls who appreciate us as we are.46. What do we learn about American society from the first paragraph?A. It sees lots of personal income wasted on beauty products.B. It considers one's physical appearance very important.C. It places a high value on the physical fitness of stars.D. It expects every individual to look their very best.47. What happens when people strive to look better?A. They have to get prepared for resentment and bitter court battles.B. They are better able to gain attention, love, and personal connection.C. They may neglect to cultivate the inner qualities that matter more.D. They feel much of their precious time, energy and resources is wasted.48. What does the author say about outer beauty?A. It may be inherited or cultivatedB. It may lead to bad as well as good habits.C. It may create connection or isolation.D. It may do as much harm as good.49. What brings about spiritual connection?A. Meeting of minds.B. Attraction at first sight.C. Physical chemistry.D. Frequent interaction.50. What happens when we take the path toward cultivating inner beauty?A. We may find a route toward other people's souls.B. We may be appreciated more by people around us.C. We will meet people who value us for who we are.D. We will be discouraged from revealing our true selves.

Children can be a fantastic bonding experience, strengthening your relationship between one another. Here are a few reasons on why you should cook with your kids and how to do it safely.As a parent, spending quality time with your children is incredibly important. With many parents leading busy lifestyles and spending long hours at work, slotting in time with the kids can be tricky. However, bringing your children into the kitchen when you're making a meal can be a great family bonding experience. Depending on the age of your children, you could ask for a helping hand so you can all join in the fun and cook up an exciting dish.2/52. According to the passage, cooking with children helps them learn important skills such as____.A. teamwork and following instructionsB. measurement and creativityC. problem-solving and organization

According to the rules，children under 12 must be _____ by an adult when entering the club.（ ）A. commandedB. undertakenC. controlledD. accompanied

Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.at hand orientation toward dry off have nothing to do withpresent...to half asleep lie down occur to1 His ______ life is centered around creativity and artistic expression.2 She ______ her latest artwork ______ the audience to showcase her creativity and talent.3 After taking a shower, make sure to ______ completely before getting dressed.4 People may get creative insights during the brief moment ______ being awake and asleep, that is when you are ______.5 Having the right equipment ______ will be very helpful to avoid missing the opportunities to record your new ideas.6 Before going to bed, I like to ______ and let my mind wander, often sparking new creative ideas.7 The Internet brings convenience to people to draw upon and record new ideas that ______ anybody in the world.8 Card said his homework was completed independently and ______ the supervision of the teacher.