An outright ban on plastics could cause even more harm to the environment and lead to triple the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.That's the finding of experts from Herriot-Watt University in Edinburgh，who say that replacing plastic with alternate materials such as metal and glass won't help the environment.The team say this is because the manufacturing of these replacements could double global energy consumption.Resources required to process these replacement materials would lead to more energy consumption and more greenhouse gas.Campaigners have called for reductions or bans，with recent programs such as the BBC's Blue Planet highlighting the impact of plastics on the world's oceans. But the learn of forty academics said surrounding a reduction or ban are often shortsighted and not based on facts.The waste products produced when making metal and glass are all bad for the environment.The major environmental impact of glass and metal production is caused by atmospheric emissions from melting activities.The burning of natural gas or fuel oil and the decomposition of raw materials during the meting lead to the edition of CO.Professor David Blackall，who led the research，said that transportation of consumer goods in plastic packaging means fewer vehicles because plastic is lightweight.Therefore burning less fuel and greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The academics draw expertise from engineering，science，economies and social science，said there needs to be a "circular economy" for plastic usage. "Almost everything we touch or interact with on a daily basis is made of or contains a plastic of some description， " said Professor David Bucknall，chairman in materials chemistry from the university's Institute of Chemical Sciences. "Banning or reducing their use would have a massive impact on the way we live. "So whilst some people may wish for plastics to be reduced or banned altogether，we need to ensure we are replacing them with materials that are better for the planet.In many cases there is no credible alternative to using a plastic so we need to move towards a "circular economy" for plastics，rather than the largely "make-use-dispose" model we currently adopt.（1）What might be the best title for the text？ ____ A.Plastics Can Cause More Harm to the EnvironmentB.We Need to Replace Plastic with Alternate Materials such as Metal and GlassC.We Need to Move Towards a "Circular Economy" for PlasticsD.Banning Plastic Won't Help the Environment（2）What can we learn about the program of BBC's Blue Planet？ ____ A.It stresses the importance of plastics on the world's oceans.B.It explains the effect of plastics on the world's oceans.C.It promotes reductions or bans of plastics.D.It opposes replacing plastics with materials that are better for the planet.（3）According to Professor David Bucknall，what seems to be the best solution？ ____ A. "Make-use-dispose" model.B.An outright ban on plastics.C.A "circular economy" for plastics.D.Using alternatives such as glass and metal.

Change the sentences from active to passive . Ifthe subject is unimportant unknown or obvious it can be omitted. 1. Someone broke the window. 2. They discriminated against him.3. We should revise the plan. 4 . They set her free because they couldn ’t get any money from her. 5. Dickens wrote this book based on the life he had experienced.

36 Finally, diversifying our diet away from heat sensitive wheat, corn, rice and other crops could also help "We've seen profound changes in the last decades in what we eat largely as a result of international trade, and I think that trend toward more diversification will continue," Jarvis says. "Depending on a greater number of plant species creates a more vigorous and less risky food system—and one that provides a broader range of nutritional requirements."36. One consequence of climate change is that some people may not have adequate access to certain foods.37. People around the world are eating foods more similar than what they used to eat.38. A recent news report talked about scientific efforts to help crops survive droughts through genetic engineering.39. It is predicted that climate change will affect the availability and price of quality chocolate.40. People wonder if certain crops and foodstuff could disappear like some animal species due to climate change.41. Although farms in the US can move a bit northward, crop yields may decrease.42. One possible solution to the food security problem is diversification of diet.43. It remains unsettled whether the global food supply problem can be solved by creating heat-tolerant through genetic engineering.44. Poor people may have to give up eating certain foods because of their high prices.45. A number of existing farming technologies could be used to reduce the negative effect of climate change on food production.

redouningconsidered a hero because of on their profession. Many people think that all the soldiers or firefighters are heroes. But it is not always true. Heroism lies within a person and rises to the occasion.A person benefiting somebody else with no cost to himself cannot be considered a hero. For example, when a building was on fire, it is considered heroic if a firefighter entered the building to save lives knowing that he might not come back. But we cannot call him a hero if he saved lives standing outside the building, because he just did his duty for which he was being paid.A person can never be a hero without sacrifice. Apart from sacrifice there must be4/ What qualities are considered heroic, according to the passage?A. honesty, patience, courage, and endurance.B. sacrifice, dedication, and perseverance.

SELECT WORD IN NEW CONTEXTUse the words from the box to complete the following sentences and change forms when necessary. The words are the same as Task 5 while the sentences create new contexts.slimshabbyproperappallingpurposeoleacresemblestundespairtender1. She is too ____ to ever use curse words.2. The ____ of the research is to find out more about the causes of the disease.3. Cook the chicken in the pan until it is ____.4. John was in ____ about losing his job.5. The fashion model had a(n) ____ figure.6. You ____ your mother very closely.7. Conditions in the prison are said to be ____8. Wearing ____ jeans and a wrinkled T-shirt to dinner is not appropriate.9. The snake uses its venom to ____ its prey.

Open people tend to do well at tasks that test our ability to _ creative ideas, such as imagining new uses for every objects.A. come acrossB. come out ofC. come offD. come up with

Things you should know about your library card Library cards Cards are free to all library users. Cards are renewed annually. Your library card enables you to register at other public libraries across the city. Responsibility Users are responsible for returning all materials borrowed on their card by the date due (到期的)and for any charges on items that are overdue, lost or damaged. Please report your lost card immediately. Items borrowed on the card are still your responsibility. Charges for lost or damaged materials are based on the cost and include handling fees. Renewals(续借) Most items can be renewed twice unless someone has requested them. There are no renewals on DVDs, videos, or CD-Roms. Fines Borrowing is free if materials are returned by the due date. If your materials are returned late, fines (罚款)are charged: ―30 cents per day for most adult items ―10 cents per day for most junior materials ―1 per day for adult DVDs ―50 cents for junior DVDs.According to the passage, the library card can be registered at ______. A. the library only in your neighborhoodB. other public libraries in the cityC. college libraries onlyD. all online libraries

With the American’s Midterm Elections over, and a new Commander-in-Chief about to step in, some Americans are a little nervous about the nation’s future. But others feel secure, knowing that the man they consider the most powerful person in the world isn’t going anywhere. Just who is this behind-the-scenes guy they think has more power than George W. Bush ever will He’s Alan Greenspan, a 74-year-old expert economist who heads the Federal Reserve, commonly known as the Fed. Unlike the president, who has to please the voters and compromise with Congress, Greenspan doesn’t have to answer to anyone. But that doesn’t mean his job is easy. Basically, Greenspan is in charge of keeping the nation’s economy stable. The economy is sort of like a balloon: blow in too much air, and it pops. But with too little air, it falls to the floor. Greenspan helps decide when to blow more air into the economy. In this case, the air in a balloon is. the amount of money in the economy. Greenspan can make the economy grow by increasing the money supply, or keep the economy from inflating too much by decreasing the money supply. His goal is for the economy to grow and contract gradually. Rapid changes can harm businesses and consumers. In a speech lately, Greenspan hinted the Fed was concerned the economy might be slowing down too fast. What Greenspan actually said was that the Fed should "remain alert to the possibility that greater caution and weakening asset values in financial markets could signal or precipitate(促成) an excessive softening in household and business spending. "But what investors heard was: "I may lower interest rates which will make it easier for the companies you are investing in to borrow money. That means they’ll expand and their stock will be worth more in the future." Within hours of Greenspan’s remarks, so many investors bought stocks that the Dow Jones and the NASDAQ rose by three percent and ten percent that day. The value of some companies went up by millions of dollars, just because investors had confidence in Greenspan’s words. But Greenspan doesn’t just work magic by talking. He was educated at New York University and Columbia and appointed to his job in 1987 by President Ronald Reagan. And he’s credited with steering the country through some difficult times since then, including a serious stock market crash just after he took the job. Another reason Greenspan has become almost a celebrity in America, is that more people are paying attention to the stock market than ever before. It used to be that only rich people and powerful corporations had the extra money to invest in stocks. But the U.S. economy has done so well in recent years, that more and more ordinary people are investing in stocks. He’s a native New Yorker. His first focus was music: He attended New York’s Julliard School and toured the country for a year in the early 1940s, playing in the Henry Jerome swing band(摇摆乐队). If nothing else, friends believe, this experience of US travel gave him the ability to connect dispassionate(不带感情的) economic theories with the individuals they affect. "The most outstanding thing about his is he knows the American economy…," says friend Herbert Stein, an economist. A swing into economics carried him straight into moderate Republican politics. He advised Richard Nixon in his 1968 campaign, and served briefly in the Bureau of the Budget. Seven years later, he returned to government service, replacing Mr. Stein as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the final days of Nixon presidency. He agreed only after being assured that Vice President Ford would keep him. In that role, he helped formulate the inflation―fighting blueprint of the 1970s that reduced inflation from 11 to 6.5 percent. Greenspan is also known for taking hot morning baths that last as long as an hour, with his inbox within reach. The practice began years ago to counter a bad back. That has not kept him off Washington’s tennis courts, where he is renowned competitor. "I found his intensity remarkable and his approach shot serious," says one of Greenspan’s partners. Married to NBC newswoman Andrea Mitchell, Greenspan is also famous for his syntax(句法), or rather, the way it conceals virtually anything that could be said to be an opinion. This is partly the result of the natural silence of Fed officials, who understand that markets hang on their every word. But it is also part of Greenspan’s personality. One friend remembers encountering him in an airport, after violent storms had almost shut down air traffic on the East Coast. Asked about the weather, the Fed chairman said hesitantly that is was "OK." "He couldn’t even bring himself to be conclusive about the weather!" says’ the friend. After years of very high growth, the American economy is starting to slow down. Recently, corporations have been making less money and people are starting to have a harder time finding jobs. Greenspan is hoping to ease the economy into a soft landing―to make the car come to a gentle stop instead of hitting a brick wall. If he succeeds, the country will avoid two possible problems: rising prices and high unemployment. At the Fed’s meeting, Greenspan and the other members decided that the economy was growing at an OK rate, but that there is a possibility of a serious slowdown. If they are worried that the whole economy is starting to sink, they could lower interest rates at the next meeting in an attempt to encourage people to borrow and spend. While there’s no way to know what they will decide, one thing is certain: the decisions that Greenspan and the Federal Reserve Board make will affect everyone who earns, borrows or spends money.Why did Greenspan answer the question about weather hesitantly A．Because he needed to see clearly what the weather was like.B．Because he has a habit of being careful with his words.C．Because he was thinking about something important.D．Because he didn’t know the person who asked him the question.

slim；plead；shabby；resemble；proper；stun；appalling；despair；purpose；tender（1）The cod appeared to            not to be thrown into the hot pan.（2）I would be long after Amy had gotten over her crush on Robert that she would come to understand the            of her family's menu.（3）For Christmas，Amy prayed for Robert，who has a（n）            American nose.（4）Amy was            by her father's behavior at dinner.（5）Christmas dinner threw Amy into            .（6）Amy thinks that her family's Chinese Christmas is            .（7）There was a（n）            amount of raw food in the kitchen on the Christmas Eve.（8）Amy's father offered her the            fish cheek.（9）Amy believes that her relatives do not have            American manners.（10）The squid was crisscrossed，            bicycle tires.