That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the First-night, effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. (1) What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A. She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B. She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C. She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D. She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns. (2) What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment? A. She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. B. She recruited (招募) 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences. C. She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains. D. She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects. (3) What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A. She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B. She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. C. She exposed her participants to two different stimuli (刺激物). D. She compared the responses of different participants. (4) What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A. They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B. They tended to recognize irregular beeps as a threat. C. They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D. They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones

We _____ booked. Look, this restaurant is almost empty.A. must haveB. can’t haveC. should haveD. needn’t have

1. (10.0分) Which of the following is the first-line treatment for acute carbon monoxide poisoning? A A.dministration of high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask B. Intravenous administration of naloxone C. Use of activated charcoal to absorb the toxin D. Immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation

You had better stop watching too much TV unless you want to __ your eye-|||-sight.-|||-A.ruin B.crash C.block D.break

Tony Zhang teaches kungfu in San Francisco not only to ________ a living, but also to promote Chinese culture.A. takeB. makeC. breakD. bake

We all agreed to her suggestion that we＿＿＿＿＿＿to the Great Wall for sightseeing(观光 ). A. will go B. go C. shall go D. should have gone

_____ we’ll have the sports meet tomorrow depends on the weather.A. WhenB. IfC. WhetherD. That

Questions 16 and 18 are based on the news reportyou have just heard.(1) (单选题)What does the speaker say about being alone?A.It's a horrible feeling.B.It can be a blessing.C.It's boring and dangerous.D.It's the most comfortable state.(2) (单选题)What does the speaker say helps reduce one's feeling of loneliness?A.To be active.B.To meet up with your friends.C.To travel abroad.D.To seek advice from others.(3) (单选题)What is an advantage of spending one's time alone?A.It provides a chance for people to think deeply.B.It makes us treasure the time.C.It enables one to identify true friends.D.It helps us take care of problems more efficiently.

Mary would rather that she _______ to the party yesterday evening.A. didn't goB. not goC. not goneD. hadn't gone

Directions: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each statement. When the early settlers, especially the English, arrived in the New World, the hardships, and dangers awaiting them were totally unexpected. Had it not been for some friendly Indians, the colonists never would have survived the terrible winters. They knew nothing about planting crops, hunting animals, building solid house or making clothing from animal skins. Life in England had been much simpler, and this new life was not what the Spanish explorers had reported. The settlers did introduce iron tools, muskets(步枪)for hunting , domesticated animals, and political way to the Indians. In exchange, the settlers learned to build canoes(独木舟)for water transportation and snowshoes for winter traveling. The Indians also taught them to penetrate through the forest, to hunt large animals and trap smaller ones, and to catch fish in the lakes and streams. The natives also introduced to the settlers typical local food. Everything possible was done in order to make their new settlement resemble the homes they had left behind. ( )The Indians were very cold to the settlers at the beginning. A A. True BB. False CC. Not Mentioned

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